Brefeldin A Solution (1,000X)

Buffers/Solutions
Sony
Flow Cytometry
1 ml
2703005
$68.00

Description

Brefeldin A (BFA) is a protein transport inhibitor commonly used to enhance intracellular cytokine staining signals by blocking transport processes during cell activation. Especially useful for the intracellular staining of cytokines, BFA leads to the accumulation of most cytokines at the Golgi Complex/Endoplasmic Reticulum (see Jung, et al., 1993). Optimal conditions for use are cell type and time-dependent. Typically, protein transport inhibitors are included during in vitro cell activation cultures for 4-24 hours prior to harvest (see references below for additional information). Brefeldin A Solution is supplied as a 1,000X solution, which should be diluted to 1X in cell culture medium.

Formulation

Brefeldin A Solution is supplied as a 1000X in DMSO, which should be diluted to 1X in cell culture medium.

Recommended Usage

Dilute the 1000X solution to 1X in the tissue culture medium. It is recommended that cells are cultured with brefeldin A for ≤ 24 hours, as this can become toxic for cell viability.

References

1. O'Sullivan BJ, et al. 2006. J. Immunol. 176:7278.
2. Fuse S, et al. 2007. J. Immunol. 178:5227.
3. Kang YJ, et al. 2007. Nature Immunol. 8:601.
4. Redfern CH,et al.2006.J. Clin Oncol.19:3107. PubMed
5. Smithey MJ, et al. 2008. J. Immunol. 180:3406. PubMed
6. Elzey BD, et al. 2008. Blood 111:38684. PubMed
7. Nguyen KD, et al. 2008. J. Immunol. 181:5386. PubMed
8. Miner MD, et al. 2008. Microb Pathog. 45:273. PubMed
9. Goodridge HS, et al. 2009. J. Immunol. 182:1146. PubMed
10. Markey KA, et al. 2009. Blood 113:5644. PubMed
11. Wilcox RA, et al. 2009. Blood   PubMed
12. Zenaro E, et al. 2009. J. Leukoc Bio. PubMed
13. Rozkova D, et al. 2009. Clin Immunol. 131:1. PubMed
14. Butcher JP, et al. 2010. Clin Cancer Res. 16:2065.
15. Boisvert M, et al. 2010. J. Virol. 84:7782. PubMed
16. Liu WC, et al. 2010. J. Virol. 84:12011.15. Tawara I, et al. 2011. Clin Cancer Res. 17:77. PubMed
17. Iwata Y, et al. 2011. Blood. 117:530. PubMed
18. Schmidt NW, et al. 2011. J. Immunol. 186:3836. PubMed
19. Langkjaer A, et al. 2012. Clin Immunol. 145:1. PubMed
20. Molinero LL, et al. 2012. PNAS. 109:18529. PubMed
21. Li HW, et al. 2012. J. Immunol. 189:5572. PubMed
22. Wang JM, et al. 2013. J. Virol. 87:4372. PubMed
23. Fukuoka A, et al. 2013. Int Immunol. 25:373. PubMed
24. Wang Jm, et al. 2013. J Virol. 87:11626. PubMed
25. Lee TH, et al. 2013. J Biol Chem. 288:32873. PubMed
26. Shi L, et al. 2014. J. Immunol. 192:649. PubMed
27. Bulati M, et al. 2014. Exp Gerontol. PubMed
28. Blankenhaus B, et al. 2014. PLo