Description

TNF-α is secreted by macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, T cells (principally CD4⁺), and NK cells. Many transformed cell lines also secrete TNF-α. Monomeric human TNF-α is a 157 amino acid protein (non-glycosylated) with a reported molecular weight of 17 kD. TNF-α forms multimeric complexes; stable trimers are most common in solution. A 26 kD membrane form of TNF-α has also been described. TNF-α binding to surface receptors elicits a wide array of biological activities including: cytolysis and cytostasis of many tumor cell lines in vitro, hemorraghic necrosis of tumors in vivo, increased fibroblast proliferation, and enhanced chemotaxis and phagocytosis in neutrophils.

Formulation

Recommended Usage

Each lot of this antibody is quality control tested by intracellular immunofluorescent staining with flow cytometric analysis. For flow cytometric staining, the suggested use of this reagent is 5 microL per million cells or 5 microL per 100 microL of whole blood. It is recommended that the reagent be titrated for optimal performance for each application.

* Alexa Fluor® 700 has a maximum emission of 719 nm when it is excited at 633 nm / 635 nm. Prior to using Alexa Fluor® 700 conjugate for flow cytometric analysis, please verify your flow cytometer's capability of exciting and detecting the fluorochrome.

References

1. Rathjen D, et al. 1991. Mol. Immunol. 28:79. (Neut)
2. Danis V, et al. 1991. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 85:143. (Neut)
3. Enr quez J, et al. 2002. Adv. Perit. Dial. 18:177. (ICFC)
4. Andersson U, et al. 1999. Detection and quantification of gene expression. New York:Springer-Verlag. (IHC)
5. Chen H, et al. 2005. J. Immunol. 175:591. (ICFC)
6. Iwamoto S, et al. 2007. J. Immunol. 179:1449. (ICFC) PubMed
7. Andersson U, et al. 2000. J. Exp. Med. 192:565. (ICC)
8. Moormann AM, et al. 1999. J. Infect. Dis. 180:1987. (IHC)
9. Zhao XJ, et al. 2003. J. Immunol. 170:2923. (IF)
10. Rieger R, et al. 2009. Cancer Gene Ther. 1:53-64. (FC)