Description

When unfolded proteins accumulate in the ER lumen, multiple unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways become activated, including PERK, ATF6, and IRE1α, all of which transcriptionally reprogram the flux of proteins through the ER. When these quality control mechanisms fail to restore ER homeostasis, sustained stress results in the induction of CHOP, a pro-apoptotic transcription factor that negatively regulates expression of BCL2 and increases expression of BIM and TNFS10RB. One mechanism cancer cells exploit to adapt to harsh conditions of the tumor microenvironment is through upregulation of UPR pathways. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms that govern the switch from adaptation to apoptosis is of great therapeutic interest.

Formulation

Recommended Usage

Each lot of this antibody is quality control tested by western blotting. For western blotting, the suggested use of this reagent is 2.5 - 1.0 µg/mL. For immunocytochemistry, a concentration 5.0 μg/mL is recommended. For flow cytometric staining, the suggested use of this reagent is ≤ 0.5 µg per million cells in 100 µL volume. It is recommended that the reagent be titrated for optimal performance for each application.