Description

TNF-α is secreted by macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, T cells (principally CD4⁺), and NK cells. Many transformed cell lines also secrete TNF-α. Monomeric human TNF-α is a 157 amino acid protein (non-glycosylated) with a reported molecular weight of 17 kD. TNF-α forms multimeric complexes; stable trimers are most common in solution. A 26 kD membrane form of TNF-α has also been described. TNF-α binding to surface receptors elicits a wide array of biological activities including: cytolysis and cytostasis of many tumor cell lines in vitro, hemorraghic necrosis of tumors in vivo, increased fibroblast proliferation, and enhanced chemotaxis and phagocytosis in neutrophils.

Formulation

Recommended Usage

Each lot of this antibody is quality control tested by ELISA assay. For ELISA detection applications, a concentration range of 0.25-1.0 microg/ml is recommended. To obtain a linear standard curve, serial dilutions of TNF-α recombinant protein ranging from 500 to 4 pg/ml are recommended for each ELISA plate.
For use as an ELISPOT detection antibody, a concentration range of 0.5-2.0 microg/ml is recommended. For flow cytometric staining, the suggested use of this reagent is ≤ 0.25 microg per 10⁶ cells in 100 microL volume. It is recommended that the reagent be titrated for optimal performance for each application.

References

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4. Andersson U, et al. 1999. Detection and quantification of gene expression. New York:Springer-Verlag. (IHC)
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8. Moormann AM, et al. 1999. J. Infect. Dis. 180:1987. (IHC)
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10. Rieger R, et al. 2009. Cancer Gene Ther. 1:53-64. (FC)